International Conference on Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment August 2-3 2018 Oslo, Norway

Biography:

Athena Guo has received her PhD degree in Biochemistry from the University of Texas at Austin. After Post-doctoral training at NIH and Washington University School of Medicine, and briefly joining the Research faculty at University of Minnesota, she founded MicroSurfaces, Inc. and has served as its CEO since. She was a member on several NIH study sessions, author of 30 scientific papers and patents, and PI on multiple SBIR awards from NIH and NSF. She has been responsible for the development and launch of MicroSurfaces’ product lines, e.g. the ZeroBkg® surfaces, Fluid Array surfaces, etc. to serve the biomedical research community.

Abstract:

Protein microarray or protein chip is an important tool in proteomics. It allows the expression and functional profiling of thousands of biomarkers in a single shot. However, duplicating the success of the DNA chip for the protein chip has been difficult. This arises in part from difficulties with surface chemistry. Ideally, the surface chemistry for protein microarray fabrication should satisfy the following criteria: the surface resists non-specific adsorption; bonding between a protein molecule and a solid surface is balanced to provide sufficient stability but minimal disturbance to the delicate three-dimensional structure of the protein; and the local chemical environment favors the immobilized protein molecules to retain their native conformation and activity. The low background and high sensitivity condition is particularly important for applications involving biomarkers in complex samples, such as serum or plasma. We have developed functional surfaces based on our proprietary high density poly-ethyleneglycol (PEG) brushes. The PEG brush not only ensures exceptionally low background but also provides an optimal local environment for the immobilized protein molecules to retain optimal activity. We explore the application of PEG brush surfaces in cancer research by systematically comparing the sensitivity and specificity of protein microarrays in biomarker profiling with the traditional diagnostics method of ELISA. These experiments demonstrate the potential of our optimized protein microarrays in the detection of low abundance biomarkers.

Biography:

Graham Ball is a Professor of Bioinformatics at Nottingham Trent University and CSO of CompanDX UK and CompanDX China Ltd. He is an Associate Director of the John Van Geest Cancer Research Centre and Biostatistics Lead on three clinical projects. He has been involved in the development and validation of bioinformatics algorithms using artificial neural networks for the last 18 years. He has 230 journal papers and five patents in this area. His current research is focused on characterization of biological systems, including diagnostic and classification modelling of cancer molecular pathology, host response to disease and identification of molecular targets for therapy.

Abstract:

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy with variable response to treatment. Recurring cytogenetic abnormalities and gene mutations are important prognosticators. However, 50-70% of AML cases harbor either normal or risk-indeterminate karyotypes. The identification of better biomarkers of clinical outcome is therefore necessary to inform tailored therapeutic decisions. We applied an artificial neural network (ANN) based machine learning approach to a discovery cohort of 641 adults with newly diagnosed AML. ANN analysis identified a parsimonious 3-gene expression signature predictive of survival, which comprised CALCRL, CD109 and LSP1. We computed a prognostic index (PI) from these markers using normalized gene expression levels and b-values from subsequently created Cox proportional hazards models with coupled with clinically established prognosticators. Our 3-gene PI separated the adult patients in each ELN cytogenetic risk category into subgroups with different survival probabilities and identified patients with very high-risk features, such as those with a high PI and either FLT3-ITD or non-mutated NPM1. The ability of the 3-gene PI to stratify survival was validated in two independent adult cohorts (n=221 subjects). Our ANN derived 3-gene signature applied to cox proportional hazards models by way of validation refined the accuracy of patient stratification and improved outcome prediction.

Biography:

Yeu Su has completed his PhD from University of Wisonsin-Madison. He is a Professor of the Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences of National Yang-Ming University, a premier research university in Taiwan. He has published more than 55 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of several repute journals.

Abstract:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been shown to play a critical role in the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Hence, the inhibition of STAT3 signaling has been suggested to be a viable therapeutic approach for cancer. Moreover, the efficacy of combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs and napabucasin, a small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor, have been assessed in various clinical trials, including those involving patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Two recently developed small-molecule STAT3 inhibitors, SC-43 and SC-78, which can stimulate small heterodimer partner-1 (SHP-1) to inactivate STAT3, were found to have anti-tumor activity. In this study, the inhibitory effects of SC-43, SC-78, and regorafenib (a reference drug) on cell viability, STAT3 phosphorylation, and various stemness properties [e.g., sphere-forming and soft agar colony-forming abilities, CD133⁺/CD44⁺ (stem cell-like) subpopulations and the expression of several CSC markers] were examined for both HCT-116 and HT-29 human CRC cells. We found that SC-43 and SC-78 but not regorafenib inhibited constitutively and IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells, respectively. Moreover, SC-43 and SC-78 were more potent than regorafenib in suppressing the stemness properties (except stem cell-like subpopulations) of these cells. As expected, SHP-1 knockdown almost completely abolished the suppressive effects of SC-43 and SC-78 on the sphere formation in both cell lines. Furthermore, SC-43 and SC-78 showed synergistic inhibitory effects with oxaliplatin and/or irinotecan on sphere formation. Overall, our results suggest that SC-43 and SC-78 are potent STAT3 inhibitors that may potentially be used in combination therapy for CRC.

Biography:

Prasanta Kumar Nayak is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, which is a premier institute run by the Government of India. He is working as MD in Obstetrics and Gynecology and is trained in Endoscopic surgery. He has published more than 20 scientific articles in various reputed international and national peer reviewed journals. He is also working as an Editorial Board Member of various reputed journals. He has presented many papers and delivered talks at various international and national conferences.

Abstract:

Introduction: Cervical cancer which is preventable is the commonest genital cancer in developing countries including India. Implementation of several screening strategies has led to a remarkable decline in the cervical cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Conventional Pap smear which is the primary and most widely used screening tool carries 10-70% false negative rate. In low-resource settings, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol’s iodine (VILI) are promising alternatives owing to their simplicity, rapidity of results, cost-effectiveness and comparable performance in mass screening for cervical cancer. Assessment of women with colposcopy impressions of the cervical transformation zone and histological appraisal of directed punch biopsies is an excellent method but less commonly used. The reported sensitivity of colposcopy in some Indian study has been shown to be, 60-98% for the detection of intraepithelial disease. A high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been reported from adolescent and young adult tribal women of Central India, but HPV DNA testing is still not widely available and is expensive. Data on effectiveness of all these screening methods, which are less expensive and less resource-intensive, are limited from this geographical territory. This study will help to provide insights into the diagnostic performance of these techniques in a hospital based screening when used alone or in combination.

Methodology: All married women between 21 to 65 years attending gynecology OPD of AIIMS, Raipur and having unhealthy cervix (presence of cervical erosion, cervix which bleeds on touch, ulcerated lesions, growth, with history of post coital bleeding) were included after informed consent. Detailed history was elicited. All women were subjected to conventional Pap smear, VIA, VILI and colposcopy. Reid colposcopic index scoring was performed. Directed biopsy was taken in case of any suspicious lesion detected on VIA, VILI or colposcopy. Diagnostic values of each screening method were determined in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.

Results: Total 352 patients were evaluated. Around 49% of the patients were found to have abnormal cytology in biopsy reports. The sensitivity and specificity of Pap smear was found to be 34% and 94%, at the same time colposcopy has high sensitivity and low specificity i.e. 99% and 31%. On the other hand, the sensitivity and specificity of VIA and VILI are comparable i.e. 65% and 45% and 64% and 48% respectively. Pap smear shows high positive predictive value i.e. 85% and colposcopy shows 58% for the same. The positive predictive value of VIA and VILI are 55%.

Conclusion: So, there is a need to investigate alternative strategies which are more practical, feasible, effective, and whose results are available immediately. Pap’s smear is subjective test, slides can be mislabeled or lost and carries low sensitivity but high positive predictive value. As compared to Pap smear, VIA and VILI are more sensitive and are of low cost. Colposcopy can be considered as a preferred method of screening due to its extremely high sensitivity.

Biography:

Rakesh Roy is the acting Incharge of Medical Oncology & Palliative Care of a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre in Kolkata, India. He has been an eminent Speaker of the city in various esteemed Oncology Forum. He has numerous publications under his belt. He is a key opinion leader and holds membership to numerous bodies. His centre has been reaccredited by the prestigious ESMO - “Centre for  Integrated Oncology and Palliative Care”. His research interests include chemotherapy, palliation in cancer, symptom control in cancer patients and survival in advanced cancer.

Abstract:

In patients with advanced solid tumours, the aim is to provide symptom management in order to improve quality of life and at times improve survival. Palliative care improves quality of life by addressing symptom burden. The burning question is who are the patients who should receive only palliative care and not added anticancer therapy ? Various patient and disease related factors like – burden of symptom, type of solid tumour, chemosensitivity of the tumour, performance status of patient, past treatment, hormonal sensitivity for breast and prostate cancers, life expectancy, patient and caregiver’s wish, evidence from literatures, enthusiasm of oncologists to do something good for patients, more and more use of targeted therapy, improvement in medical science, price drop of certain drugs, clinical trials etc may contribute to higher number of patients getting chemotherapy in advanced settings. In settings where there is a limitation of resource and paucity of clinical trials less patients end up getting palliative chemotherapy, and those who get it, if selection is inappropiate then a horrible turn of events may reduce Quality of Life (QOL). Situation has changed with introduction of less toxic and more molecularly driven targeted agents. These drugs are prolonging survival with accepted toxicity profile. Many patients have ended getting anticancer agents in their last month of life. This current talk tries to discuss at length the scope of adding chemotherapy as a tool of palliation and survival improvement along with institutional palliative care.

Biography:

Abstract:

There are geographic and ethnic differences in the incidence of gastric cancer around the world as well as with its trends for each population over time. The incidence patterns observed among immigrants change according to where they live. All of these factors serve to indicate the close association of gastric cancer with modifies factors such as diet. This review presents epidemiological evidence on the association between dietary factors and gastric cancer based on previous systematic reviews and subsequent updates. Infection with Helicobacter pylori is a strong and established risk factor of gastric cancer but is not a sufficient cause for its development. Substantial evidence from ecological, case-control, and cohort studies strongly suggests that the risk may be increased with a high intake of various traditional salt-preserved foods and salt per se and decreased with a high intake of fruit and vegetables, particularly fruit. However, it remains unclear which constituents in fruit and vegetables play a significant role in gastric cancer prevention, among them, vitamin C is a plausible candidate supported by a relatively large body of epidemiological evidence. Consumption of green tea is possibly associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer, although the protective effects have been, for the most part, identified in Japanese women, most of whom are nonsmokers. In contrast, processed meat and N-Nitroso compounds may be positively associated with the risk of gastric cancer. Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between nutrition and stomach cancer is reviewed. Stomach cancer shows a distinct international variation and dramatic worldwide decline. These descriptive features suggest that dietary factors are important in determining the risk of stomach cancer. The authors assessed relevant data regarding specific dietary hypotheses in the etiology of stomach cancer. A negative association with fresh vegetables and fruits is highly consistent in numerous case-control studies in different populations. Both epidemiologic and experimental data suggest that vitamins C and carotenoids lower risk of stomach cancer. Evidence is sparse and inconsistent as to protective effects of vitamin E and selenium. Epidemiologic studies have not lent, and will not provide, supportive evidence for an etiologic role of nitrate intake. High salt intake has been associated with an increased risk in many case-control studies and limited cohort studies. Taken together with animal data, it is considered that high salt intake is a risk factor for stomach cancer. Both epidemiologic and experimental data are inconclusive as to whether high-starch diets confer an increased risk. Cohort studies using quantitative dietary assessment and biologic measurement of micronutrients are needed for further understanding of etiologic roles of dietary factors in the causation of stomach cancer. In conclusion, dietary modification by reducing salt and salted food intake, as well as by increasing intake of fruit and vitamin C, represents a practical strategy to prevent gastric cancer.

Biography:

Nick Kostovic was born on December 6, 1950 in an area now known as region Dalmatia, currently Split Croatia. He graduated from Split Gymnasium in 1969 with an Associate of Arts Degree in Humanities and Science.

He is US citizen. He have strong Italian ties through my father, Ivo Kostovic who has Italian and Asian origins. He was born on the island of Drvenik-Veli when it was part of region Dalmatia, Italy called Zirona. My mother Bosiljka Rodic Kostovic, with Russian roots, was born in city Omis also originally from Dalmatia region, Italy. Dalmatia was part of Italy for many centuries and currently Dalmatia is located in Croatia Europe.

Abstract:

The K-BTE medical laser device simply releases bio electrons and bio electrons’ photons. Enriched by natural acids these bio electrons become capable of dissolving unhealthy particles in fiber tissue and plaque from arteries, veins and capillaries . Then dissolving and dispersing unhealthy particles, it means number of sick particles, dead cells and oxidized proteins from fiber tissue without harm to the healthy cells. This dissolving and dispersing of extreme bad and dangerous unhealthy particles can operate in the gray and white matter of brain or any other physical organ. In the brain, any kind of neurological disorders can be checked searching for deep painfully affected areas and then such pain spots are reversed by enriched bio electrons.

Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction

It is conventional to use standard Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radionuclides (¹¹C, ¹³N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁸F) for imaging however, the decay energy <3MeV and b⁺ intensity (>10%) of some other radionuclides (called non-standard) also makes them correspondingly suitable for PET imaging. The importance of non-standard PET radionuclides (e.g. ⁴⁵Ti, ⁶⁰Cu, ⁶¹Cu, ⁶⁴Cu, ⁸⁶Y, ¹²⁴I) in clinical nuclear medicine has been realized by imaging the biological systems [1-2]. Cyclotrons are the best solution to produce desired beta emitters. Smart choice of target and projectile makes it possible to produce the PET radionuclides in most economical way. Keeping in view the importance of medical radioisotopes, we investigated the production route and production cross-section of few non-standard radionuclides (⁵⁵Co, ^61,64Cu, ^66,68Ga, ⁸⁶Y, ⁸⁹Zr, ⁹⁰Nb, ^94mTc) using medium energy proton and alpha beams. Stacked-foil activation technique was applied to irradiate the samples (^natNi, ^natFe, ^natCu, ⁸⁹Y, ⁹³Nb and ^natMo) with external beam of MC-50 cyclotron installed at Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Korea. Off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique was used for spectrum analysis and measurement of production cross-sections of radionuclides of interest. Based on the cross-section, thick target yield information was also obtained.  

Description of the Work or Project

We studied ^natNi(p,x)⁵⁵Co, ^natFe(p,x)⁵⁵Co, ^natCu(a,x)^61,64Cu, ^natCu(a,x)^66,68Ga,  ^natCu(p,x)^61,64Cu, ⁸⁹Y(p,x)⁸⁶Y, ⁸⁹Y(p,x)⁸⁹Zr, ⁹³Nb(p,x)⁹⁰Nb, ⁸⁹Y(a,x)⁹⁰Nb, ⁹³Nb(a,x)^94mTc and ^natMo(p,x)^94mTc reactions in the energy range from their threshold to 45 MeV [3-11]. Proton and alpha beams were bombarded on different targets to investigate the production routes and production cross-sections of different radionuclides however, chemical separation of these non-standard PET radionuclides or their application to image biological systems was not studied. Stacked-foil activation technique was applied to irradiate the sample with external beam of MC-50 cyclotron installed at Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Korea. Thin metallic foils (10-50mm) of 1x1cm² area were placed in front of beam of 10mm diameter (100-200nA current) to irradiate for 0.5-1 hours depending on the experimental setup. Off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique was used for spectrum analysis and measurement of production cross-sections of produced radionuclides. Besides aforementioned reaction products, some other short lived non-standard PET radionuclides were also produced but their production could not be identified due to their very short half-lives. As the produced radioisotopes are medically important, therefore, the integral yields for thick target (TT) of the investigated radio-nuclides were also calculated from the measured excitation functions. The measured results were compared with the literature data as well as with the theoretical values obtained from the TENDL-2015 library based on the TALYS 1.8code.

Conclusions

The study of the production of non-standard PET radionuclides from different reactions describe the cross-sections and yield information in the energy range of 2-45 MeV. Most of the reaction products are directly produced so chances of contamination and unwanted impurities are minimum. One of the advantage of this technique is carrier free production of desired radioisotopes and easy separation through chemical process. We did not investigate the methods to separate chemically the desired radionuclides and their applications to image biological systems however, based on our study the best production route and suitable energy for maximum production can be identified to produce the desired radionuclide in the economical way. Though the study has been provided by other investigators yet discrepancies were observed in their measurements so the current study is enough to enrich the literature data except a few where further investigations are required to make the production economically viable. The information provided about integral yield is pertinent for those involved in radioisotope production.

Biography:

Frederic Ivan L. Ting, MD is a senior medical resident at the Dr. Pablo O. Torre Memorial Hospital –a tertiary hospital in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental, Philippines. He is currently focusing on the art and science of Oncology, as he is amazed and inspired by the simple complexity of the discipline. He aspires that one day he will fulfill his dream of serving the Filipino people as a medical oncologist, writer, and teacher.

Abstract:

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common complication of immunocompromised patients –whether due to infection, cancer, drug-induced, or other bone marrow failure states. With the incidence of patients with immunocompromised states on the rise, this life threatening complication is also increasing. The importance of initiating the appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy can prove to be life-saving, thus we examined how the initial choice of antibiotics influenced patient outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of adherence to guideline-based antimicrobial therapy for adult febrile neutropenia patients in terms of patient outcomes.

Design: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Methods: This is a 10-year cross-sectional analytical study which was conducted by doing a retrospective chart review involving adult patients with FN from 2007 to 2016. We determined use of guideline-based antibiotics, examined the factors that influenced adherence, and investigated the effect of initial treatment on patient outcome.

Results: Among the 257 adult patients with FN included in the study, guideline-based antibiotics were administered to 65%. On multivariate analysis, the most powerful predictor of adherence to guideline-based antibiotics was the type of risk (p=0.000), with high risk patients thrice more likely to be given guideline-based antibiotics. Other predictors were physician specialty (p= 0.036) and hematologic malignancy (p=0.045). This study showed that among low risk patients with FN, a trend towards patient discharge was observed (OR 1.18, CI = 0.16 – 8.63). However overall, adherence to guideline-based empiric antibiotic in treating adult FN patients did not correlate to patient discharge (p=0.134, OR 0.557, 95% CI = 0.260-1.205).

Conclusions: In summary, our data suggest that adherence to guideline-based antibiotics in managing adult Filipino patients with febrile neutropenia does not correlate to better outcomes such as patient discharge. Significant factors associated with adherence to guideline-based antibiotics are physician specialty, hematologic malignancy, and type of risk.

Biography:

Dr. Muhammad Musharraf Hussain holds a doctorate in Pharmacognosy from  Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. He subsequently taught in the same department and also at the University of Jos, Nigeria for over a decade. He undertook postdoctoral research at the National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. He was a recipient of a gold medal, awarded by the Indian Board of Alternative Medicine, Kolkata, India on 1st December, 1993 for significant contribution in the field of alternative medicine. He published 26 articles and research papers of pharmaceutical interest. He authored six books on Islam, Comparative Religion, Medical Sciences in the Light of Islam, Prophetic Medicine and Export Quality Management. Currently he is teaching Pharmacy in Manarat International University, Dhaka as a Faculty member. He is also the Founder President of Bangladesh Prophetic Medicine Foundation.

Abstract:

All great Prophets (AS) are the chosen men of God (Allah). They were men of divine wisdom, intellect and finest character. They have been sent to fulfill the Wish of God on earth. So all statements of the Prophets (as) including Jesus (as) and Muhammad (peace be upon him) are divinely inspired. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) never spoke a single lie in his lifetime. So traditions of the Prophet (ï·º) on healing are also true, because Allah says in the Holy Qur’an, “He does not speak anything of his own desire. It is but a Revelation which is sent down to him.” (An-Najm 53:3). Furthermore concerning his utterances and statements, God cautioned him in strong terms. He said, “And if Muhammad had made up about Us some [false] sayings, We would have seized him by the right hand; then We would have cut from him the aorta.” (Al-Haqqah, 69: 44-46)

So Allah inspired him to make nearly 1000 statements on healing for the benefit of humankind, because man needs to remain well free from sickness to fulfill his brief mission on earth. Abu Hurayrah (ra) narrates that the Prophet (ï·º) said, “Allah (God) did not send down a disease without having sent down its cure.” (Bukhari).

The above statement indicates that God (Allah) has already created remedies for every disease except death. No doctor or physician has created any disease or ailment. As narrated by Zaid Ibn Aslam (ra), the Prophet (ï·º) said,

“……………He Who has created disease has also created its remedy.” (Za’adul Ma’ad and Mu’atta)

From this tradition we understand that remedies for all diseases are already in place. Allah has created the remedies first, then the diseases. But all medicines are yet to be discovered by scientists. Prophet Muhammad (ï·º) further said, “Every disease has a medicine, and when the proper medicine is applied to the disease as per diagnosis, the disease gets healed by the will of Allah” (Muslim).

This Prophetic tradition indicates that since cancer is a disease, it is curable. Modern science tells us that cancer is curable within three to six months without any harmful side effects if Prophetic chemo is taken in right doses. Indeed divine remedies are much safer, cheaper and more effective than man-made remedies. About Nigella sativa Abu Hurayrah (ra) narrates that the Prophet (ï·º) said:

"Hold on (use this Nigella sativa seed regularly)! Because it is a remedy (cure) for every disease except death.” (Bukhari and Muslim)

This statement made 14 centuries ago generated tremendous interest among the world’s scientific community, which finally led them to carry out extensive scientific investigations on the black seed and its oil. However, it is amazing that international scientists after carrying out hundreds of studies finally concluded that black seed can effectively cure 129 different types of ailments including 17 forms of cancer. Researchers also reported that not a single tradition of the Prophet (ï·º) on healing is found to be contradictory to the basic principles of modern medical science.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the renal is an extremely rare lesion for which only a few reports are available.

PURPOSE: To describe clinical and pathologic characteristics and outcome of patients with renal Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Material and methods: A retrospective review of all the patients diagnosed with renal RMS within a single regional teaching hospital between 1st January 1993 and 1st October 2016 was undertaken.

Results: There were 7 patients with renal rhabdomyosarcoma registered. They all presented to us with a palpable lower quadrant mass or gross hematuria. An increase in white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and red blood cell count of Urinalysis were observed. Abdominal ultrasonography and Computed tomography revealed a pancake kidney with a large mass (right-side: left-side= 3:4), measuring 5.7× 4.1× 4.4 cm³-13.3× 12.5× 9.5 cm³. All 7 patients underwent radical nephrectomy and lymph node dissection.  Chemotherapy was performed according to the ICE and VDC regimen after surgery. Follow-up information was obtained for 85.7% of patients. Median follow-up time of the patients is 26.5 months from diagnosis and they were all alive.

Conclusion: Currently, there is a lack of knowledge and consensus regarding the treatment of primary renal RMS among children. Renal RMS seems to require aggressive treatment, and multimodal therapy may play an important role.

Keywords: renal RMS - pediatrics - immunophenotype – chemotherapy

Biography:

Abstract:

The incidence of breast cancer in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular is growing. In 2017, in Ukraine the incidence reached 16 percent of female population, for which, the breast cancer ranked first in structure of oncological incidence among women.

In analysing the data of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, it should be noted, that in comparison with 2014 year, the prevalence rate of breast cancer in 2016 has increased by 5,1%, that indicates importance of improvement diagnostic procedures and methods of treatment it [1].

Studying the scientific literature on this subject, we noticed that there is a strong biological relationship between obesity and a poor outcome of breast cancer. And having analysed the date of Ministry of Health in Ukraine it can be concluded, that about 26% of women in 2017 year had overweight or obesity.

Obesity has a chronic metabolic character, which is the result of the interaction of the endogenous factors, environmental conditions and lifestyle. Endogenous factors could be considered a violation of the genetic and hormonal balance. The external conditions and type of lifestyle include irregular rhythm nutrition, use of substandard products and sedentary lifestyle. Obesity is the first risk factor for metabolic syndrome, diabetes type II, cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer, including breast cancer.

Biography:

Abstract:

Objective: To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of clear small sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) in children and analyze the prognostic factors.

METHODS: A total of 31 cases of pathological diagnosis of renal clear cell sarcoma were collected from March 2006 to March 2018 in Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. All cases were diagnosed by pathology, imaging, etc. Preoperative or/and postoperative chemotherapy, selective radiotherapy and other comprehensive treatment measures were adopted. Retrospective study of clinical features, long-term prognosis and prognosis-related factors.

Results: From March 2006 to March 2018, a total of 308 renal tumors were collected from Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Among them, 31 cases (10%) of CCSK after operation were included in this report. There were 22 males and 9 females (male: female = 2.44:1). The age of onset was 2.6 (0.25 to 11.5) years. There were 22 cases on the left side and 9 cases on the right side. 10 cases were stage I, 7 cases were stageII, 10 cases were stage III, and 5 caseswere stage IVat first diagnosis. There were 11 cases with "abdominal mass" as the main complaint, 8 cases with "macrohematuria", 3 cases with "abdominal pain", 3 cases with "physical examination found mass", and 6 casesrecievedchemotherapy before operation, all patients underwent surgical resection of the tumor and affected side kidney, the tumor weight were between 400-3500g, diameter were between 6-17cm. Until March 2018, the follow-up time was 53.3 (5.9 to 142.3) months. 4 cases were reoperated after reccurence. As of the last follow-up, 5 patients died, 3 were lost follow-up or abandoned treatment. The common metastatic sites were lung, liver, and vertebral bodies. Older children, distant lung metastases, and bilateral metastases have a poor prognosis. The longest recurrence interval is 6 years and 5 months.

Conclusions: In children with CCSK, there can be 70% or more of long-term EFS with a combination of surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The standardized comprehensive treatment model based on pathology and clinical stage will help improve the survival rate of CCSK.

Key words: Renal clear cell sarcoma, comprehensive treatment, survival rate

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Francesco Spelta is an Internal Medicine Specialist and a PhD student at the University of Verona, Italy (PhD program in Biomedical, Clinical and Experimental Sciences). He has spent more than one year at Washington University in St. Louis, USA as a Visiting Researcher, working with Dr. Luigi Fontana’s group on clinical trials focused on the role of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting in longevity and health. His main interests are related to nutrition in different conditions, particularly regarding cardio-pulmonary diseases. Recently, he has joined the University of Oslo for a short term internship in Prof. Alessandro Cataliotti lab, working on heart failure. His research interest is nutrition in disease prevention.

Abstract:

Several epidemiological surveys have highlighted a link between diet and cancer risk. New diet strategies have been proposed so far, to slow down cancer growth or to reduce chemotherapy side effects, i.e. dietary restriction and different fasting regimens. A substantial protein and calorie restriction may directly inhibit tumor cell growth via the inhibition of the IGF-1- mTORC1 axis, in a xenograft mouse model of breast cancer, while a moderate protein restriction may induce an anticancer response increasing IFNγ expression (via immunomodulation of T-cells), leading to an increased “immunosurveillance’ in the tumor microenvironment in mice. Moreover, downstream of different nutrient-sensitive pathways are regulated in an opposite way by fasting and fasting mimicking diets in normal and cancer cells, resulting in protection against chemotherapy of the normal cells and improving the inhibition of tumor growth by chemotherapy itself. Although randomized clinical studies have been conducted on a limited number of patients, the results of some pilot studies are supporting the efficacy of restricted diets in cancer therapy. These findings are in accordance with the overall health benefits provided by dietary restriction regimens in the cardiovascular system and in slowing the aging process, one of the most important risk factors for cancer development.

Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction: Fatigue is one of the most disabling phenomenon among patients receiving anti cancer treatment, which has profound effect on their Quality of Life (QOL). Although clinicians across the globe acknowledge the importance of regular assessment of fatigue, however it is seldom being assessed and documented in clinical practice in India and therefore remains unidentified parameter among oncology practice in this country, also very few studies in the literature exist reporting on Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF) among Indian population.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to find out the prevalence and severity of cancer related fatigue (CRF) and its implication on psychosocial wellbeing among Indian cancer patients.

Methodology: For this study an exploratory design was adopted, using a purposive sampling method, patients (N=206, M: 100 & F: 106) undergoing chemotherapy at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Delhi, India; aged 18-83 years were included. The level of fatigue was assessed using 16-item Multidimensional assessment of Fatigue (MAF) scale and a semi structured in-depth interview schedule. These interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed.

Results: Irrespective of age, and education, 81% patients experience clinically significant fatigue, of which extreme level of fatigue was reported by 29% patients requiring immediate clinical intervention and 52% patients reported moderate level of fatigue, which is also clinically significant. The level of fatigue was reported more in females than males. Top four psychosocial issues reported were; apprehension of chemotherapy side effects (23.5%), fear of pain during CT (18.5%), Loss of apatite (17.5%) and anxiety during chemo therapy (13.5%), followed by combination of multiple psycho social issues by 11 %, and financial and logistic issues by (11%). Among all the patients, (49.5%) were aware of their diagnosis, of which 8% were either fully aware or partially aware about the prognosis (23%).

Conclusion: Fatigue remains one of the most important clinical parameters among majority of Indian patients receiving chemotherapy, with females reporting it more as compared to their counterparts and  is neither assessed by clinicians nor reported by majority of the patients. While almost one fourth of the patients report fear of chemotherapy as their pressing psychosocial concern during CT, others report fear of pain, loss of apatite, manifest anxiety symptoms or report financial and logistic issues during CT. Indian patients should be evaluated for treatable conditions that might contribute in achieving promising clinical outcomes. Exercise, educational material and psychotherapeutic interventions should also be developed to prepare and support them during their treatment phase, which will ultimately lead to better preparedness of side effects and their management, better information of the disease, better coping strategies, reduced symptoms and better quality of life.

Biography:

Abstract:

Object: To discuss the adenomatoid tumor of the testis in clinic, pathological characteristic,tissue of origin,and treatment, improve the cognition of disease and avoid misdiagnosis.

Method：We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data about 2 cases of adenomatoid tumor and reviewed the correlative literature.

Result：Two cases of children presented painless scrotal mass.preoperative ultrasound and imaging signal indicated testis tumor. Intraoperative frozen section excluded malignant，we perform the conservative surgery. one case was founded the adenomatoid of the testis recurred 6 month later by follow-up and unfounded the metastasis by CT scanning, and the serum of AFP is normal. Then, the child underwent a radical surgery. Thereafter, no nodule was found in his scrotum at 3-, 6- or 12-month follow-up; the other one is normal by follow-up.two cases were confirmed by pathology.

Conclude：Although the primary adenomatoid tumors are rare benign neoplasms in the pediatric testicular,the mainly clinical trait presented painless scrotal mass,we consider radical orchiectomy to be a reasonable choice for recurrent adenomatoid tumors.

Key word：Adenomatoid;Children;Testis tumor

Biography:

Mr. Sourav Taru Saha is a PhD. student working on Breast cancer at the University of the Witwatersrand. The research group’s main focus is the link between Cholesterol and Breast cancer. Till now, his research has shown promising results and in 2018 the concept would be tested in vivo. Based on the results, this research might lead to a novel drug in treating Breast cancer.

Abstract:

Cancer cells have an increased need for cholesterol, which is required for cell membrane integrity. Cholesterol accumulation has been described in various malignancies including breast cancer. Cholesterol has also been known to be the precursor of estrogen and vitamin D, both of which play a key role in the histology of breast cancer. Thus, depleting the cholesterol levels in cancer cells is a proposed innovative strategy to treat cancer. Therefore, novel cholesterol-depleting compounds are currently being investigated. KS-01 is a cyclic amylose oligomer composed of glucose units. It solubilizes the cholesterol and is proven to be toxicologically benign in humans. This led us to hypothesize that it might deplete cholesterol from cancer cells and may prove to be a clinically useful compound. Our work provides preliminary experimental evidences to support this hypothesis.  We identified the potency of KS-01 in vitro against two breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (Estrogen positive, ER+), MDA-MB-231(Estrogen negative, ER-) and compared the results against two normal cell lines: MRC-5 (Normal Human Lung Fibroblasts) and HEK-293 (Normal human embryonic kidney cells) using cytotoxic, apoptosis and cholesterol based assays. KS-01 treatment reduced intracellular cholesterol resulting in significant breast cancer cell growth inhibition through apoptosis. The results hold true for both ER+ and ER-. These data suggest that KS-01 can prevent cholesterol accumulation in breast cancer cells and is a promising new anticancer agent.

Biography:

Man Hee Rhee graduated in Veterinary Medicine in 1989, completed his PhD degree in 2000 in Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. He is the chairman of Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University. He has published more than 250 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of internationally renowned Journal. 

Abstract:

The potential benefits of ginseng range from energizing the body to providing the longevity. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), one of the most effective ginseng saponins, has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.  Numerous previous studies have unraveled the Rg3 Pharmacological effects. One recent study has also revealed its protective cardiovascular effects in hyper sensitive rats. Here we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Rg3  in vitro on murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cells.  We found that Rg3 in dose dependent manner attenuate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines after LPS induction. The MTT assay for dose dependent concentrations of Rg3 show no cytotoxicity and Nitric oxide concentration show a decreasing trend with increase in dose. The mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α show the same trend like that of Nitric oxide production. The protein  expression shown by Rg3-RGE clearly indicates that it signal transduces via MAPK and NF-κB pathways. More investigation into signal mediation revealed that Rg3-RGE mediates its antiinflammatory action via RXRα receptors. Moreover the our invivo data shows that Rg3-RGE very strongly protected the mice against LPS induced septic shock.

Biography:

Abstract:

Object: To discuss the adenomatoid tumor of the testis in clinic, pathological characteristic,tissue of origin,and treatment, improve the cognition of disease and avoid misdiagnosis.

Method：We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data about 2 cases of adenomatoid tumor and reviewed the correlative literature.

Result：Two cases of children presented painless scrotal mass.preoperative ultrasound and imaging signal indicated testis tumor. Intraoperative frozen section excluded malignant，we perform the conservative surgery. one case was founded the adenomatoid of the testis recurred 6 month later by follow-up and unfounded the metastasis by CT scanning, and the serum of AFP is normal. Then, the child underwent a radical surgery. Thereafter, no nodule was found in his scrotum at 3-, 6- or 12-month follow-up; the other one is normal by follow-up.two cases were confirmed by pathology.

Conclude：Although the primary adenomatoid tumors are rare benign neoplasms in the pediatric testicular,the mainly clinical trait presented painless scrotal mass,we consider radical orchiectomy to be a reasonable choice for recurrent adenomatoid tumors.

Key word：Adenomatoid;Children;Testis tumor

Biography:

Man Hee Rhee graduated in Veterinary Medicine in 1989, completed his PhD degree in 2000 in Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. He is the chairman of Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University. He has published more than 250 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of internationally renowned Journal. 

Abstract:

Recently, the importance of platelet activation in cancer metastasis is generally accepted and development of new platelet inhibitor with minimal adverse effect is a promising area of targeted cancer therapy. Baicalein is a one of functional ingredient derived from the root of Huangqin. Its pharmacological effects including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammative effects have already been shown. However, effect on platelet activation of this molecule is scarce. Therefore, we investigate the effects and its molecular mechanisms of baicalein on various agonists, including tumor cell, -stimulated platelet activation and pulmonary cancer metastasis.

Effects of baicalein on agonist-stimulated platelet activation, granule secretion and adhesion molecule expression, cyclic-nucleotide release, VASP and MAPK phosphorylations were evaluated. Indeed, influences of baicalein on platelet aggregation induced by tumor cells and adhesion of cancer cell-platelets were evaluated. Finally, after acute toxicity test, we also examined the anti-metastatic activities of baicalein using relevant in vivo metastasis models. 

Key result: Baicalein inhibited various agonists such as collagen, ADP, and thrombin-induced platelet activation in a concentration dependent manner. Agonist-induced granule secretion (P-selectin expression, ATP release), mobilization of intracellular [Ca2+]i and glycoprotein â…¡a/â…¢b expression were also reduced in baicalein-treated platelets. Baicalein also attenuated ERK2, p38 and Akt activation and enhanced VASP phosphorylations that was reversed by H-89 (PKA inhibitor). Moreover baicalein attenuated C6 rat glioma tumor cells-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and CT26 colon cancer metastasis in vivo.

Baicalein shows broad anti-platelet properties. This feature might have therapeutic implications for the prevention of cancer metastasis

Biography:

Abstract:

Few studies have been performed on the anticancer activity of hispidin, a phenolic compound produced from the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus. Herein, we studied hispidin induced apoptosis, which is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in colon cancer cells. Hispidin was found to reduce cell viability both in mouse and human colon cancer cells. Apoptotic cell morphological changes were observed by microscopy, and apoptosis was assessed in hispidin-treated cells using a biochemical method. The results showed accumulation of the sub-G1 cell population and increase in early apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, hispidin induced apoptosis through up-regulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Although the molecular mechanism underlying hispidin-induced apoptosisis known to involve the generation of ROS, however hispidin did not show any apoptosis in the pre-treatment with a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine. In conclusion, hispidin induces both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways mediated by ROS in colon cancer cells, thereby suggesting that hispidin could be a promising new anticancer agent.

Biography:

Abstract:

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women living in both developed and developing countries and one of the most common causes of death among women in developing countries (WHO, 2007). The study objective is to report Kuwaiti women’s practice, perception, and etiological reasons that discourage women from performing BSEs. A questionnaire was distributed among 716 women of ages between 15 and 62 years old with two scales, (1) Knowledge of BSE performance and (2) Reasons for not practicing BSE, as well as socio-demographic questions. The findings show that Kuwaiti women’s reasons for not practicing BSE were related to the fact that the majority (78.1%) did not know about the frequency of performing BSE, nor how to perform it. The participants (70.7%) also claimed that they did not know the right time to perform BSE. There was a significant relationship between the participants’ education levels, ethnic roots, BC frequency among them, and family history of cancer and the participants’ knowledge about BSE (P < 0.05). Also, significant relationship between participants’ BSE awareness and age, marital status, and family history of breast cancer (P < 0.01).  And there was no significant relationship between participants’ religious sect, BSE performance, belief in detecting BC by BSE practice, and belief in the possibility of recovering from BC, and knowledge about BSE.

Keywords: Brest self-examination, Breast cancer, Kuwaiti women, medical anthropology, awareness.

Biography:

Professor Kim has completed his PhD from Seoul National University College of Medicine in Korea. He is a professor of the department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate school of Cancer Science and Policy (GCSP). He has published more than 56 papers in reputed journals and is the principle of investigator of Korean Lung Cancer Screening Project (K-LUCAS) for high-risk smokers.

Abstract:

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality and has a low survival rate as it is difficult to detect early. Korean Lung Cancer Screening demonstration project (KLUCAS) was started from February 2017. KLUCAS will assess the effectiveness, harm, and feasibility of lung cancer screening in order to implement a population-based screening program. KLUCAS evaluates the validation of the new standards of reporting form of LDCT and the quality of lung cancer screening by web-based network system using computer-aid nodule detection program (CAD). KLUCAS is conducted with 14 cancer hospitals. KLUCAS targeted high-risk individuals who are current and former smokers with at least a 30 pack-year. The participants were recruited through the national cancer screening center visitors or smoking cessation clinic visitors based on a lung cancer risk evaluation questionnaire. Among 5,706 participants, KLUCAS detect 35 lung cancer. Among detected lung cancer, 69.9% are early stage. CAD detcts more positive findings but decreases the variation of positive rate among screening units. About 75% of of abnormal findings including emphsema, coronary artery calcification etc. besides lung nodules are detected from KLUCAS.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Abstract:

Glycosylation, a post translational modification, has a great role in recombinant anticancer therapeutic proteins, as most of the approved recombinant therapeutics are glycoproteins. The constant amino acid sequence of therapeutics determines the enzymatic activity while the glycan associated influence their pharmacokinetics, solubility, distribution, serum half-life, effector function and binding to receptors. Glycoproteins expressed in different expression systems get their own oligosaccharides, which increases the diversity of proteins. Glycan structure also varies from batch to batch in a single expression system, depending on culturing conditions and medium. Heterogeneity of glycan creates hurdles in downstream processing, ultimately leading to variable anticancer therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, glycoproteins require appropriate expression system to catch structurally and functionally identical glycan, like human. In different types of glycosylation, N-glycosylation has acquired great attention because much is known about it. In many expression systems, its pathway remains conserved in endoplasmic reticulum but divergence has been observed when it enters the Golgi complex. Hence, in the recent decades, numerous approaches have been adopted for the engineering of Golgi’s N-glycosylation pathway to attain human like glycan. Some of the researchers have tried to engineer the N- glycosylation pathway of expression systems by introduction and knock down of various genes. Others have worked on the site-directed mutagenesis of glycosylation potential sites and in vitro glycosylation remodeling via chemo-enzymes. In this review, we have emphasized on glycosylation pattern in various expression systems with their emerging technologies for glycosylation engineering of anticancer therapeutic drugs.

Key words: N-Glycosylation; glycoproteins; glycoengineering; GlycoSwitch; GlycoFi; GlycoDelete; yeast expression system; mammalian expression system.