International Conference on Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment August 2-3 2018 Oslo, Norway

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Francesco Spelta is an Internal Medicine Specialist and a PhD student at the University of Verona, Italy (PhD program in Biomedical, Clinical and Experimental Sciences). He has spent more than one year at Washington University in St. Louis, USA as a Visiting Researcher, working with Dr. Luigi Fontana’s group on clinical trials focused on the role of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting in longevity and health. His main interests are related to nutrition in different conditions, particularly regarding cardio-pulmonary diseases. Recently, he has joined the University of Oslo for a short term internship in Prof. Alessandro Cataliotti lab, working on heart failure. His research interest is nutrition in disease prevention.

Abstract:

Several epidemiological surveys have highlighted a link between diet and cancer risk. New diet strategies have been proposed so far, to slow down cancer growth or to reduce chemotherapy side effects, i.e. dietary restriction and different fasting regimens. A substantial protein and calorie restriction may directly inhibit tumor cell growth via the inhibition of the IGF-1- mTORC1 axis, in a xenograft mouse model of breast cancer, while a moderate protein restriction may induce an anticancer response increasing IFNγ expression (via immunomodulation of T-cells), leading to an increased “immunosurveillance’ in the tumor microenvironment in mice. Moreover, downstream of different nutrient-sensitive pathways are regulated in an opposite way by fasting and fasting mimicking diets in normal and cancer cells, resulting in protection against chemotherapy of the normal cells and improving the inhibition of tumor growth by chemotherapy itself. Although randomized clinical studies have been conducted on a limited number of patients, the results of some pilot studies are supporting the efficacy of restricted diets in cancer therapy. These findings are in accordance with the overall health benefits provided by dietary restriction regimens in the cardiovascular system and in slowing the aging process, one of the most important risk factors for cancer development.

Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction: Fatigue is one of the most disabling phenomenon among patients receiving anti cancer treatment, which has profound effect on their Quality of Life (QOL). Although clinicians across the globe acknowledge the importance of regular assessment of fatigue, however it is seldom being assessed and documented in clinical practice in India and therefore remains unidentified parameter among oncology practice in this country, also very few studies in the literature exist reporting on Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF) among Indian population.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to find out the prevalence and severity of cancer related fatigue (CRF) and its implication on psychosocial wellbeing among Indian cancer patients.

Methodology: For this study an exploratory design was adopted, using a purposive sampling method, patients (N=206, M: 100 & F: 106) undergoing chemotherapy at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Delhi, India; aged 18-83 years were included. The level of fatigue was assessed using 16-item Multidimensional assessment of Fatigue (MAF) scale and a semi structured in-depth interview schedule. These interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed.

Results: Irrespective of age, and education, 81% patients experience clinically significant fatigue, of which extreme level of fatigue was reported by 29% patients requiring immediate clinical intervention and 52% patients reported moderate level of fatigue, which is also clinically significant. The level of fatigue was reported more in females than males. Top four psychosocial issues reported were; apprehension of chemotherapy side effects (23.5%), fear of pain during CT (18.5%), Loss of apatite (17.5%) and anxiety during chemo therapy (13.5%), followed by combination of multiple psycho social issues by 11 %, and financial and logistic issues by (11%). Among all the patients, (49.5%) were aware of their diagnosis, of which 8% were either fully aware or partially aware about the prognosis (23%).

Conclusion: Fatigue remains one of the most important clinical parameters among majority of Indian patients receiving chemotherapy, with females reporting it more as compared to their counterparts and  is neither assessed by clinicians nor reported by majority of the patients. While almost one fourth of the patients report fear of chemotherapy as their pressing psychosocial concern during CT, others report fear of pain, loss of apatite, manifest anxiety symptoms or report financial and logistic issues during CT. Indian patients should be evaluated for treatable conditions that might contribute in achieving promising clinical outcomes. Exercise, educational material and psychotherapeutic interventions should also be developed to prepare and support them during their treatment phase, which will ultimately lead to better preparedness of side effects and their management, better information of the disease, better coping strategies, reduced symptoms and better quality of life.

Biography:

Abstract:

Object: To discuss the adenomatoid tumor of the testis in clinic, pathological characteristic,tissue of origin,and treatment, improve the cognition of disease and avoid misdiagnosis.

Method：We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data about 2 cases of adenomatoid tumor and reviewed the correlative literature.

Result：Two cases of children presented painless scrotal mass.preoperative ultrasound and imaging signal indicated testis tumor. Intraoperative frozen section excluded malignant，we perform the conservative surgery. one case was founded the adenomatoid of the testis recurred 6 month later by follow-up and unfounded the metastasis by CT scanning, and the serum of AFP is normal. Then, the child underwent a radical surgery. Thereafter, no nodule was found in his scrotum at 3-, 6- or 12-month follow-up; the other one is normal by follow-up.two cases were confirmed by pathology.

Conclude：Although the primary adenomatoid tumors are rare benign neoplasms in the pediatric testicular,the mainly clinical trait presented painless scrotal mass,we consider radical orchiectomy to be a reasonable choice for recurrent adenomatoid tumors.

Key word：Adenomatoid;Children;Testis tumor

Biography:

Mr. Sourav Taru Saha is a PhD. student working on Breast cancer at the University of the Witwatersrand. The research group’s main focus is the link between Cholesterol and Breast cancer. Till now, his research has shown promising results and in 2018 the concept would be tested in vivo. Based on the results, this research might lead to a novel drug in treating Breast cancer.

Abstract:

Cancer cells have an increased need for cholesterol, which is required for cell membrane integrity. Cholesterol accumulation has been described in various malignancies including breast cancer. Cholesterol has also been known to be the precursor of estrogen and vitamin D, both of which play a key role in the histology of breast cancer. Thus, depleting the cholesterol levels in cancer cells is a proposed innovative strategy to treat cancer. Therefore, novel cholesterol-depleting compounds are currently being investigated. KS-01 is a cyclic amylose oligomer composed of glucose units. It solubilizes the cholesterol and is proven to be toxicologically benign in humans. This led us to hypothesize that it might deplete cholesterol from cancer cells and may prove to be a clinically useful compound. Our work provides preliminary experimental evidences to support this hypothesis.  We identified the potency of KS-01 in vitro against two breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (Estrogen positive, ER+), MDA-MB-231(Estrogen negative, ER-) and compared the results against two normal cell lines: MRC-5 (Normal Human Lung Fibroblasts) and HEK-293 (Normal human embryonic kidney cells) using cytotoxic, apoptosis and cholesterol based assays. KS-01 treatment reduced intracellular cholesterol resulting in significant breast cancer cell growth inhibition through apoptosis. The results hold true for both ER+ and ER-. These data suggest that KS-01 can prevent cholesterol accumulation in breast cancer cells and is a promising new anticancer agent.

Biography:

Man Hee Rhee graduated in Veterinary Medicine in 1989, completed his PhD degree in 2000 in Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. He is the chairman of Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University. He has published more than 250 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of internationally renowned Journal. 

Abstract:

The potential benefits of ginseng range from energizing the body to providing the longevity. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), one of the most effective ginseng saponins, has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.  Numerous previous studies have unraveled the Rg3 Pharmacological effects. One recent study has also revealed its protective cardiovascular effects in hyper sensitive rats. Here we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Rg3  in vitro on murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cells.  We found that Rg3 in dose dependent manner attenuate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines after LPS induction. The MTT assay for dose dependent concentrations of Rg3 show no cytotoxicity and Nitric oxide concentration show a decreasing trend with increase in dose. The mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α show the same trend like that of Nitric oxide production. The protein  expression shown by Rg3-RGE clearly indicates that it signal transduces via MAPK and NF-κB pathways. More investigation into signal mediation revealed that Rg3-RGE mediates its antiinflammatory action via RXRα receptors. Moreover the our invivo data shows that Rg3-RGE very strongly protected the mice against LPS induced septic shock.

Biography:

Abstract:

Object: To discuss the adenomatoid tumor of the testis in clinic, pathological characteristic,tissue of origin,and treatment, improve the cognition of disease and avoid misdiagnosis.

Method：We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data about 2 cases of adenomatoid tumor and reviewed the correlative literature.

Result：Two cases of children presented painless scrotal mass.preoperative ultrasound and imaging signal indicated testis tumor. Intraoperative frozen section excluded malignant，we perform the conservative surgery. one case was founded the adenomatoid of the testis recurred 6 month later by follow-up and unfounded the metastasis by CT scanning, and the serum of AFP is normal. Then, the child underwent a radical surgery. Thereafter, no nodule was found in his scrotum at 3-, 6- or 12-month follow-up; the other one is normal by follow-up.two cases were confirmed by pathology.

Conclude：Although the primary adenomatoid tumors are rare benign neoplasms in the pediatric testicular,the mainly clinical trait presented painless scrotal mass,we consider radical orchiectomy to be a reasonable choice for recurrent adenomatoid tumors.

Key word：Adenomatoid;Children;Testis tumor

Biography:

Man Hee Rhee graduated in Veterinary Medicine in 1989, completed his PhD degree in 2000 in Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. He is the chairman of Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University. He has published more than 250 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of internationally renowned Journal. 

Abstract:

Recently, the importance of platelet activation in cancer metastasis is generally accepted and development of new platelet inhibitor with minimal adverse effect is a promising area of targeted cancer therapy. Baicalein is a one of functional ingredient derived from the root of Huangqin. Its pharmacological effects including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammative effects have already been shown. However, effect on platelet activation of this molecule is scarce. Therefore, we investigate the effects and its molecular mechanisms of baicalein on various agonists, including tumor cell, -stimulated platelet activation and pulmonary cancer metastasis.

Effects of baicalein on agonist-stimulated platelet activation, granule secretion and adhesion molecule expression, cyclic-nucleotide release, VASP and MAPK phosphorylations were evaluated. Indeed, influences of baicalein on platelet aggregation induced by tumor cells and adhesion of cancer cell-platelets were evaluated. Finally, after acute toxicity test, we also examined the anti-metastatic activities of baicalein using relevant in vivo metastasis models. 

Key result: Baicalein inhibited various agonists such as collagen, ADP, and thrombin-induced platelet activation in a concentration dependent manner. Agonist-induced granule secretion (P-selectin expression, ATP release), mobilization of intracellular [Ca2+]i and glycoprotein â…¡a/â…¢b expression were also reduced in baicalein-treated platelets. Baicalein also attenuated ERK2, p38 and Akt activation and enhanced VASP phosphorylations that was reversed by H-89 (PKA inhibitor). Moreover baicalein attenuated C6 rat glioma tumor cells-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and CT26 colon cancer metastasis in vivo.

Baicalein shows broad anti-platelet properties. This feature might have therapeutic implications for the prevention of cancer metastasis

Biography:

Abstract:

Few studies have been performed on the anticancer activity of hispidin, a phenolic compound produced from the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus. Herein, we studied hispidin induced apoptosis, which is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in colon cancer cells. Hispidin was found to reduce cell viability both in mouse and human colon cancer cells. Apoptotic cell morphological changes were observed by microscopy, and apoptosis was assessed in hispidin-treated cells using a biochemical method. The results showed accumulation of the sub-G1 cell population and increase in early apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, hispidin induced apoptosis through up-regulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Although the molecular mechanism underlying hispidin-induced apoptosisis known to involve the generation of ROS, however hispidin did not show any apoptosis in the pre-treatment with a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine. In conclusion, hispidin induces both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways mediated by ROS in colon cancer cells, thereby suggesting that hispidin could be a promising new anticancer agent.

Biography:

Abstract:

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women living in both developed and developing countries and one of the most common causes of death among women in developing countries (WHO, 2007). The study objective is to report Kuwaiti women’s practice, perception, and etiological reasons that discourage women from performing BSEs. A questionnaire was distributed among 716 women of ages between 15 and 62 years old with two scales, (1) Knowledge of BSE performance and (2) Reasons for not practicing BSE, as well as socio-demographic questions. The findings show that Kuwaiti women’s reasons for not practicing BSE were related to the fact that the majority (78.1%) did not know about the frequency of performing BSE, nor how to perform it. The participants (70.7%) also claimed that they did not know the right time to perform BSE. There was a significant relationship between the participants’ education levels, ethnic roots, BC frequency among them, and family history of cancer and the participants’ knowledge about BSE (P < 0.05). Also, significant relationship between participants’ BSE awareness and age, marital status, and family history of breast cancer (P < 0.01).  And there was no significant relationship between participants’ religious sect, BSE performance, belief in detecting BC by BSE practice, and belief in the possibility of recovering from BC, and knowledge about BSE.

Keywords: Brest self-examination, Breast cancer, Kuwaiti women, medical anthropology, awareness.

Biography:

Professor Kim has completed his PhD from Seoul National University College of Medicine in Korea. He is a professor of the department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate school of Cancer Science and Policy (GCSP). He has published more than 56 papers in reputed journals and is the principle of investigator of Korean Lung Cancer Screening Project (K-LUCAS) for high-risk smokers.

Abstract:

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality and has a low survival rate as it is difficult to detect early. Korean Lung Cancer Screening demonstration project (KLUCAS) was started from February 2017. KLUCAS will assess the effectiveness, harm, and feasibility of lung cancer screening in order to implement a population-based screening program. KLUCAS evaluates the validation of the new standards of reporting form of LDCT and the quality of lung cancer screening by web-based network system using computer-aid nodule detection program (CAD). KLUCAS is conducted with 14 cancer hospitals. KLUCAS targeted high-risk individuals who are current and former smokers with at least a 30 pack-year. The participants were recruited through the national cancer screening center visitors or smoking cessation clinic visitors based on a lung cancer risk evaluation questionnaire. Among 5,706 participants, KLUCAS detect 35 lung cancer. Among detected lung cancer, 69.9% are early stage. CAD detcts more positive findings but decreases the variation of positive rate among screening units. About 75% of of abnormal findings including emphsema, coronary artery calcification etc. besides lung nodules are detected from KLUCAS.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Abstract:

Glycosylation, a post translational modification, has a great role in recombinant anticancer therapeutic proteins, as most of the approved recombinant therapeutics are glycoproteins. The constant amino acid sequence of therapeutics determines the enzymatic activity while the glycan associated influence their pharmacokinetics, solubility, distribution, serum half-life, effector function and binding to receptors. Glycoproteins expressed in different expression systems get their own oligosaccharides, which increases the diversity of proteins. Glycan structure also varies from batch to batch in a single expression system, depending on culturing conditions and medium. Heterogeneity of glycan creates hurdles in downstream processing, ultimately leading to variable anticancer therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, glycoproteins require appropriate expression system to catch structurally and functionally identical glycan, like human. In different types of glycosylation, N-glycosylation has acquired great attention because much is known about it. In many expression systems, its pathway remains conserved in endoplasmic reticulum but divergence has been observed when it enters the Golgi complex. Hence, in the recent decades, numerous approaches have been adopted for the engineering of Golgi’s N-glycosylation pathway to attain human like glycan. Some of the researchers have tried to engineer the N- glycosylation pathway of expression systems by introduction and knock down of various genes. Others have worked on the site-directed mutagenesis of glycosylation potential sites and in vitro glycosylation remodeling via chemo-enzymes. In this review, we have emphasized on glycosylation pattern in various expression systems with their emerging technologies for glycosylation engineering of anticancer therapeutic drugs.

Key words: N-Glycosylation; glycoproteins; glycoengineering; GlycoSwitch; GlycoFi; GlycoDelete; yeast expression system; mammalian expression system.